Microwave Diathermy (MWD), Physiological effects, Indications and Contraindications.

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Introduction

Microwave Diathermy (MWD) is a form of electromagnetic radiation which lies between Infrared radiation and radio-waves. It has waves having a frequency of 300Hz to 3000Hz,this range of frequency is higher than the shortwave diathermy. It is used in physical therapy for therapeutic purpose because the higher frequency so the lower depth of penetration and it produces heating effect up to 5cm depth directly. The depth of the penetration of microwaves into the tissues is directly proportional to the wavelength.

It generate strong electrical field and less magnetic field. It generally absorbed in tissues which has more water content. The device which is used for the production of microwave is called Magnetron.

Clinical use:-

It is used various musculoskeletal disorder, Microwave diathermy induced hyperthermia produces several type of physiological effects in tissues which helps in relief in pain, increase in range of motion and reducing hematoma.

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Physiological benefits of Microwave Diathermy:-

a. It results in heating of the tissues such as increased blood flow to the areas.

b. It helps to increase in the metabolism, muscle relaxation and increase the sweat gland activity.

c. It helps in decreased in muscle spasm.

d. Increase the extensibility of tissues.

e. Reduction of Edema formation.

f. It helps in vasodilation of vessel walls.

g. Increase the nutrient supply in that applied area.

h. It is beneficial in relief in pain.

i. Decrease in joint stiffness.

j. Increase blood perfusion.

j. Altering sensory nerve response.

h. Increase motor nerve conduction.

Contraindication of MWD:-

a. It is strictly prohibited for women during Pregnancy.

b. Applying MWD over the sight of cancerous cells or tumor may spread the infection to the adjacent areas.

c. Genital areas.

d. Patients with metallic implants.

e. Patient having Cardiac pacemakers.

f. Irradiation to the eyes may develop opacities and irritation in eyes of the patient.

g. Patient with sensory deficit or impaired sensation.

h. Hemorrhagic areas or ischemic areas.

i. Patient with heat allergy.

j. Tuberculosis.

Precautions :-

a. The treatment couch should be made of wood.

b. The area which is being treated with MWD should not be wet.

c. The patient with cardiac pacemaker should not be allowed in the MWD room.